Carl Friedrich Gauss

Carl Friedrich Gauss was born to Gebhard Dietrich Gauss and Dorothea Benze in Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. His parents were poor, but his early mathematical talent was evident.

Gauss starts attending the Catharinen-Volksschule in Brunswick, where his mathematical abilities are recognized by his teachers. His talent for quick calculations and problem-solving becomes apparent.

Duke Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Brunswick awards Gauss a scholarship to attend the Collegium Carolinum. This marks the beginning of his formal higher education and access to advanced mathematical texts.

Gauss moves to the University of Göttingen, where he studies mathematics, astronomy, and physics. During his time there, he makes significant advances in number theory and algebra.

Gauss makes a groundbreaking discovery in geometry, proving that a regular 17-sided polygon can be constructed with a compass and straightedge. This achievement solidifies his reputation as a mathematical prodigy.

Gauss publishes his seminal work, 'Disquisitiones Arithmeticae,' which lays the foundation for modern number theory. The book introduces concepts such as congruences and the law of quadratic reciprocity.

Gauss marries Johanna Osthoff, a childhood friend. They have three children together: Joseph, Wilhelmine, and Louis. This period is marked by personal happiness and professional success.

Gauss is appointed as the Director of the Göttingen Observatory, a position he holds until his death. He continues his research in astronomy, mathematics, and physics, making significant contributions to each field.

Gauss is commissioned to conduct a geodetic survey of the Kingdom of Hanover. He develops innovative methods for surveying and map-making, including the use of least squares to minimize errors.

Gauss publishes 'Theory of the Motion of the Heavenly Bodies,' a comprehensive work on celestial mechanics. The book provides methods for calculating the orbits of planets and comets with unprecedented accuracy.

Carl Friedrich Gauss dies in his sleep in Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover. He is mourned as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, leaving behind a legacy of profound contributions to mathematics, physics, and astronomy.