Marquis of Pombal

Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, later known as the Marquis of Pombal, was born to a noble family in Lisbon, Portugal.

Pombal begins his formal education, studying law and philosophy at the University of Coimbra, one of the oldest universities in Europe.

Pombal marries Teresa Luísa de Mendonça e Almada, a noblewoman from a prominent Portuguese family, solidifying his social and political connections.

Pombal is appointed as the Portuguese ambassador to Great Britain, a position that exposes him to Enlightenment ideas and modern administrative practices.

Pombal returns to Portugal after his diplomatic mission in Great Britain, bringing with him new ideas and a broader perspective on governance.

Pombal is appointed as the Portuguese ambassador to Austria, further broadening his diplomatic experience and political influence.

Pombal is appointed as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, marking the beginning of his rise to power within the Portuguese government.

Pombal takes charge of the reconstruction of Lisbon after the devastating earthquake, demonstrating his administrative and organizational skills.

Pombal is appointed as the Prime Minister of Portugal, becoming the most powerful figure in the government and implementing wide-ranging reforms.

Pombal initiates significant reforms in education, establishing new schools and universities, and in the economy, promoting trade and industry.

Pombal orders the suppression of the Jesuit Order in Portugal, a move aimed at reducing their influence over education and society.

Pombal continues his economic reforms, focusing on industrialization and the development of new industries, such as textiles and mining.

Pombal's health begins to decline, affecting his ability to manage the affairs of state and his influence within the government.

Pombal is forced to resign from his position as Prime Minister following the death of King José I and the ascension of Queen Maria I, who disapproved of his policies.

The Marquis of Pombal dies at his estate in Pombal, Portugal, leaving behind a legacy of modernization and reform in the Portuguese Empire.