Sophia Alekseyevna

Sophia Alekseyevna, the second daughter of Tsar Alexei I and his first wife Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, was born in Moscow, Russia.

Sophia is officially recognized as a Grand Duchess of the Russian Empire, a title she holds throughout her life.

Sophia begins her formal education, focusing on literature, history, and statecraft, which will later influence her political acumen.

Tsar Alexei I dies, and Sophia's half-brother Ivan V, who is mentally and physically disabled, becomes tsar. Sophia's influence in court grows.

After the death of Tsar Feodor III, Sophia orchestrates a coup and becomes regent for her brother Ivan V and half-brother Peter I, effectively ruling Russia.

Sophia successfully suppresses a rebellion by the streltsy, the elite musketeers, solidifying her control over the Russian military and government.

Sophia founds the Slavic Greek Latin Academy in Moscow, a significant educational institution that promotes learning and cultural development.

Sophia strengthens Russia's diplomatic and trade relations with European powers, including England and the Dutch Republic, enhancing Russia's international standing.

Sophia signs the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Poland, which permanently unites Russia and Ukraine, expanding Russia's territory and influence.

Sophia initiates a military campaign against the Crimean Tatars, aiming to secure Russia's southern borders and protect trade routes.

Sophia attempts to arrange a marriage with King Charles II of Spain to strengthen alliances, but the negotiations ultimately fail.

Peter the Great, with the support of the streltsy and the nobility, overthrows Sophia, ending her regency and placing her under house arrest.

Sophia is forcibly tonsured as a nun and imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent, where she remains under strict surveillance.

Sophia attempts to orchestrate a coup to regain power but is unsuccessful. Her confinement in the convent is tightened as a result.

Sophia Alekseyevna dies at the Novodevichy Convent, where she had been imprisoned since 1689, marking the end of her tumultuous life and political career.